Traumatic experiences that occur early in life within attachment relationships, often referred to as “interpersonal trauma”, are known as a significant predictor of SUDs in later life ( 14– 17). SUDs and its consequences can make individuals prone to experience stressors or trauma, which may contribute to the development of PTSD, just as PTSD symptoms have been associated with substance use initiation. Some persons who have experienced a shocking or dangerous life event develop PTSD ( 12), characterized by the persistence of intense reactions to reminders of the traumatic event, altered mood, a sense of imminent threat, disturbed sleep, and hypervigilance ( 13). This resulted in increased attention for integrated treatment to reduce both SUDs and PTSD symptoms ( 7– 11). Mental health problems are a common co-occurring condition in substance using populations ( 1), with growing research acknowledging the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) in individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) ( 2– 6). Results indicate the need for preventive, attachment-based and trauma-sensitive interventions targeted at disruptive intergenerational patterns. Five latent mechanisms of intergenerational trauma transmission were identified: 1) early interpersonal childhood trauma experiences in mothers 2) trauma as a precursor of substance use 3) substance use as a (self-fooling) enabler of parental functioning 4) continued substance use impacting parental functioning and 5) dysfunctional parental functioning and its relational impact upon offspring.ĭiscussion: Findings suggest disruptive attachment can increase the vulnerability for SUDs on the one hand, but can be an expression of underlying trauma on the other, hence serving as a covert mechanism by which trauma can be transmitted across generations. Results: Throughout the narratives, consequences of trauma on mothers’ sense of self and its subsequent impact on parenting arose as salient themes. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and data were analyzed adopting thematic analysis.
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Methods: Through in-depth qualitative interviews, 23 mothers with SUDs reflected on parenting experiences and parent-child bonding, related to both their children and parents. Little research has been conducted on parenting experiences of mothers in recovery from substance use, taking into account their own upbringing as a child and the potential aftermath of interpersonal childhood trauma.
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Department of Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgiumīackground: A growing body of research underlines that interpersonal trauma in childhood leads to heightened susceptibility for substance use disorders (SUDs) in later life.